Adiabatic simplified construction



311i? 22, 1969 NAoTo HIDA ETAL 3,456,405

ADIABATIC SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. '7, 1966 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ingrid-1 July 22, 1969 NAO-ro HIDA ETAL 3,456,405

ADIABATIC SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 7, 1966 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States yPatent O U.S. Cl. 52-86 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A simplified heat insulating construction for refrigerating, freezing or ice production facilities having parallel joist, pillar and arch beam units secured to a foundation with overlapped heat insulating and waterproof finishing panels `joining said units to form interior surfaces. Corrugated plates are used to form a spaced roof with a vent and exterior side walls for promoting upward circulation of heated air 'around the frame.

The present invention relates to an adiabatic simplied construction and more particularly to an adiabatic simplified construction comprising cubic, uniform unit constructions for use in freezing, refrigerating, ice-making or icestoring facilities (hereinafter to be referred to as freezingrefrigerating warehouse) in major producing centers or major consuming centers, which can be united or assembled together to provide larger construction spaces or to provide larger spaces for being used for different purposes.

Recently, the conception of cold chain or distribution network for perishable goods in cold storage has been steadily on its way toward materialization. However, many of those freezing and refrigerating warehouses located especially in and around the producing centers are not only poor in their equipment but also are inferior in their functions to those located in larger cities, and the building or such warehouses in some places and especially those used for storing marine products, have become insufcient in their number to meet the ever increasing quantity of the haul to be collected and distributed thereat. Such tendency is especially conspicuous in the coastal regions in the Middle East where big catches have to be only partly accommodated in the existing warehouses for being frozen and refrigerated and a considerable quantity has to be stored in facilities having no satisfactory equipment, merely to lose their freshness.

It is the primary object of the present invention to provide novel unit type adiabatic simplified constructions which have never been encountered or used in large scale freezing and refrigerating facilities, said unit type adiabatic constructions being such that each unit construction has a dry structure which may be assembled or incorporated into one integral building and which can be constructed by the use of the method of prefabrication at site and also which can be extended or enlarged to meet the increasing future demand or to conform to the changes in the use in the future.

The construction or the building of the present invention enjoys a wide use. Such building can be fabricated independently and individually to meet the respective use such as an ice-storage warehouse for an ice-making factory which is limited to only the making of ice and ice-storing operation, a freezing and refrigerating Warehouse which has a facility for only freezing perishable goods and keeping them in cold storage, a freezing unit which is used in only freezing factories, or a ice 'refrigerating unit which is used for the purpose of only refrigerating perishable goods. These individual unit constructions may be further assembled or incorporated so as to be fabricated into an integral overall warehouse having the full functions including an ice-making factory, ice-storing facilities, freezing facilities, and operating facilities. Or, an all-purpose warehouse may be constructed as one integral construction so as to have all-round functions. If, on the other hand, it is desired from the viewpoints of the demand, the size of the site, the construction plan, the budget and the anticipated area of fishery, to minimize the construction scale of the initial facilities so as to be able of being subsequently enlarged as required, it is possible, according to the present invention, to start the construction with an individual and separate freezing-refrigerating warehouse or an ice-storing warehouse as required from the aspect of the desired function or from the viewpoint of the use being contemplated. Also, to meet the demand in small fishing villages or remote areas to construct a freezing house or a refrigerating house (temperature ranging, for instance, from 0 C. to 30 C.) of a minimum scale, it is also possible, according to the present invention, to construct an individual freezing unit or refrigerating unit separately, or to organically combine these individual units.

It is to be noted in particular that it is possible, according to the present invention, to construct a freezing unit or a refrigerating unit on a float to be located in marsh or damp areas or on shallow water, and that such unit can be transferred to any desired place.

The unit chamber of the present invention may be used, in addition to the cold storage of perishable goods, in various other fields where maintenance of a low ternperature is required such, for example, as the preservation of the intestines of sheep, the storage of medical supplies such as vaccines, or it may be used as a dark, cold chamber, or as an enclosed space requiring air conditioning, or in some cases, as a chamber maintained at a predetermined constant temperature.

Many objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by reading the following detailed descriptions with reference to that accompanying drawings which are given simply by way of example to illustrate a couple of embodiments of the present invention, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view, showing how the floor boards are placed on the oor beams in the adiabatic simplified construction of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating the manner in which the frame of one embodiment of the construction of the present invention is fabricated;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view, illustrating the manner in which the struts are connected to the frame;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an adiabatic wall, showing its structure;

FIG. 5 is a fragmental perspective view of the structure of the adiabatic wall of another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory illustration showing how the air located in the space under the roof is ventilated;

FIG. 7 is also an explanatory representation showing the structure of an air inlet to the roof portion, wherein A and B in the same drawing represent enlarged views, respectively, of different embodiments; and

FIG. 8 is an explanatory representation of a construction of the present invention which is built on a float.

Description will now be directed to the aforesaid embodiments of the present invention in accordance with the order of the procedures of fabrication, While referring to the accompanying drawings.

In general, after the site of construction has been selected, the construction work is started with the foundation work. In the present invention, the plane conguration of the foundation is of a rectangular shape for the convenience of description.

After the foundation work has been completed as shown in FIGS. l through 3, joists or vertical supports generally indicated by reference numeral 1 are placed on the shorter side edges of the rectangular foundation and similarly more fioor beams are disposed on the longer side edges so that they are parallel to those on the shorter side edges of the foundation. These joists 1 are also disposed at uniform intervals on the foundation. After being placed thereon, the joists are fixed securely to the anchor bolts provided on the foundation. On the opposite ends of the upper faces of the joists 1 are placed pillar bases generally indicated by numeral 3 and are fixed thereto, said pillar base being formed as male type bases by substantially vertically posting an insertion plate 3a on a stopping plate 3c substantially in the middle of the stopping plate and by applying a reinforcing plate 3b onto the back edge of the insertion plate 3a.. Subsequently, a plurality of floor board 2 such as precast concrete boards or deck plates are disposed on the joists 1 and are secured thereto.

Reference numeral 4 represents a T-shape or a H-shape pillar which is used as the strut of the construction of one embodiment of the present invention. The upper and the lower end portions of the T-shape steel are preliminarily processed to remove the end portions of the vertical extension 4b and to mount a pair of nipping plates 4c and 4c to the remainder end portions of the vertical extension 4b at both sides thereof so as to face each other and also to extend beyond the edges of the remainder end portions so that a narrow space or clearance is formed therebetween to permit the insertion of said insertion plate 3a into said narrow space. A pair of stopping plates 4d and 4d are Welded to both end portions of the horizontal extension 4a of the T-shape steel at the opposite ends thereof to form female type ends, respectively.

One end of the T-shape pillar 4 thus formed is mounted on the insertion plate 3a of the pillar base 3 and is fixed thereto with a bolt or like means.

Numeral 5 represents an arch beam having a T-shaped cross section. This arch beam is mounted between the upper ends of the opposing T-shape pillars 4 and 4. In order to form a male type end corresponding to the female end formed at one end portion of the T-shape pillar 4, a pair of stopping plates 5c are formed which bear a shape such that both end portions of the horizontal portion 5a are bent inwardly. An end portion of the vertical extension 5b extending beyond the said stopping plates 5c serves as an insertion plate 5d which is to be inserted into the female end formed at the end portion of the T-shape illar. p Following the completion of the mounting of arch beams 5, roofing boards 6 are applied onto the arch beams between the frames a, b, c, etc. by the use of the tie member 7. This tie member 7 may be removed after the roofing work has been completed.

Thus, one unit is now formed with the attachment of the frames a, b, c, etc. and after a roof, external walls and furnitures such as heat preventive doors have been attached, and with this, the external work of the construction is completed.

The interior heat insulating work involves the attachment of adiabatic panels 9 which are formed by inserting a heat insulating material 8, such as foamed polyurethane or foamed polystyrene, into a frame, to the internal faces of the frames a, b, c, etc. Adiabatic finishing panels 11, which are formed by inserting a heat insulating material 8 into a frame and by applying a water-proof plate 10 onto the surface thereof, are attached to the side which faces the interior of the chamber in such manner that the finishing plates are located over the joint portions of the adibatic panels 9 and 9 as shown in FIG. 4, and the portions of the finishing panels overlying the frame of the adiabatic panels are locked therebetween by means of nails 12 or like means to prevent thermal bridge or escap eof cold arr.

In lieu of forming an adiabatic wall face by the use of an adiabatic panel 9 and heat insulating finishing panel 11, a heat insulating wall may be formed as is shown in FIG. 5.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, an external armor plate 16a and an internal armor plate 16b are fixed onto the frame in such manner that they face each other at an appropriate interval therebetween. The legs of a U-shape retaining fitting 18 are inserted through the internal wall plate 16b as shown in FIG. 5, and the both ends of said legs are fixed to said external armor plate 16a. In the lU-shape space vdefined by the head portion of the retainmg fitting 18 extending outwardly from the interior armor plate 16h is inserted a rack 17 which serves concurrently as a supporter for said retaining fitting. A heat insulating material 8 such as foamable polyurethane or foamable polystyrene is caused to foam in the space formed between the two armor plates so that the internal and the external armor plates are then fixed securely by virtue of the pressure force produced at the time of foaming.

A unit construction is fabricated by forming the entire fioor face, wall face and roof face with such heat insulating panels or boards, excepting for the entrance, the exit and other predetermined places.

By the aforestated arrangement, it is possible to quickly obtain an adiabatic space With a -very simple operation.

The roof surface of a unit construction consists of a roof board 6 which serves in reducing the thermal load imposed by the sun to the construction and which reflects the radiant heat of the sun, as shown in FIG. 6. Furthermore, the possible elevation of temperature within the space under the roof is prevented by a ventilator 13 provided in the central portion of the roof and extending to the eaves 6a of the unit construction, which causes the air to be ventilated.

The eaves 6u may be formed in such fashion as are shown in A and B of FIG. 7. More particularly, in the case of FIG. 7-A, the eave arrangement is formed by an external wall of corrugated plate 16 and a roof of corrugated plate 6 in such manner that the ba'ck surface of the grooves of the end portions of the roof plate is disposed to cover in contact with the outer surface of the ridges of the external Wall plate 16. The grooves of the external wall plate 16 are not sealed to lead to the space under the roof 1. In this case, the external wall plate has vertically extending alternate recessed grooves and vertically extending alternate protruding ridges which are so disposed to continue sideways, while the roof board has horizontally extending alternate recessed grooves and horizontally extending alternate protruding ridges which are continuously disposed in vertical direction. In such arrangement of eaves, the air which is heated in the space under the roof is caused to fiow outside the roof through the ventilator 13 which is provided on the surface of the roof, while cool air enters into the space along the recessed grooves of the external wall plate 16 so that spontaneous ventilation of air is obtained. Furthermore, when such an external wall plate 16 is used, an air passageway for leading to the space under the roof may be formed from the lower end portions of the ridges of the external wall plate 16 through the space which is made between the space of the back surfaces of the ridges of the external wall plate and the surface of the wall in itself consisting of the heat insulating material 8. In other words, the formation of two air passageways for the ventilator 13 can be obtained from two portions: the ends of the roof plate 6 and the lower ends of the external plate 16. FIG. 7-B shows another eave arrangement where the external wall plate 16 and the roof board 6 are disposed in a manner in reverse of the arrangement in FIG. 7-A. In this latter case, therefore, the air enters from the edges of the roof board 6 along the back surface of the grooves and ridges into the space under the roof and flows outside through the ventilator 13.

Both of these embodiments in A and B of FIG. 7 ernploy an external wall plate 16 and a roof board 6, both of which plates consist of alternately disposed continuous recessed grooves and protruding ridges. Anyway, in the arrangement of eaves, it is only necessary that a roof board 6 be placed above the vertically standing external wall plates 16 in such fashion that the end portions of the roof board extend beyond the edges of the wall plates, and also that the roof board be connected in an appropriate manner to the external wall plates. In the embodiment of FIG. 7-A, therefore, the roof board 6 may be a plate having a fiat surface, While in the case of FIG. 7-B, the external wall plate 16 may be a plate having a at surface.

The foregoing arrangement of the eaves eliminates the need of any particular formation of air passageways for the prevention of a rise in the temperature in the space under the roof, and provides an advantage to save additional labor and cost.

In view of the very light weight of the adiabatic simplified construction of the present invention, it may be fabricated on a wooden foundation for being placed on a fioat 14 on the water surface 15, as shown in FIG. 8.

Since this invention permits fabricating a unit by assembling respective component members of the structure, it will be understood that the unit may be fabricated quite easily in remote or isolated sites. The fabrication is effected quickly without requiring any particular training. Furthermore, the present invention provides the convenience that unit constructions may be assembled or incorporated, as required, into an integral facility.

Almost the entire surfaces of the chamber of the adiabatic simplified construction which consists of individual unit in formed with adiabatic faces and the arrangement that the air in the space immediately under the roof is spontaneously ventilated, permits the temperature in said space to be prevented from rising. These features of the present invention contribute to an increased adiabatic effect of the construction.

The present invention and its numerous advantages should have been clearly understood from the foregoing detailed descriptions, and it should also be understood that the configuration, the structure and the arrangement of the present invention may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention and also that the construction of the equipment which have been described in the foregoing statement have been given simply by way of example and that the present invention is not restricted thereto.

What is claimed is:

1. A simplified heat insulating frame construction comprising a foundation with joists fixed thereto in parallel relationship to one another, pillar bases fixed to opposite ends of said joists, T-shaped vertical pillars attached to said bases forming joints, arch beams mounted between opposite upper ends of said pillars and connected thereto forming joints, board members mounted on the external surfaces of said frame, heat insulating panels fixed to the internal surfaces of said joists and pillars and heat insulating finish panels having waterproof plates on one side attached to said heat insulating panels so as to overlie the joint portions of said heat insulating panels to prevent escape of inner environmental air, the joints between the joists, pillars and beams being formed by one member having a protruding plate extending outwardly from the end thereof and the opposing member having a pair of parallel plates at the end thereof forming a slot, said protruding part being received in said slot and means fastening the plates together, the arrangement of the frame, boards and panels providing at least one open section in one wall of the construction.

2. The construction of claim 1 wherein exterior roof and wall plates are secured to the frame, said roof plate being attached so as to provide an air space between it and the top of said frame, a ventilator in said roof plate and at least one of said exterior plates being corrugated with grooves and protrusions extending in a substantially upward direction.

3. The construction of claim 2 wherein the wall plates are formed of two corrugated panels having ridges and grooves, the panels being arranged so that the respective grooves and ridges are angularly disposed with respect to one another so as to form a continuous area therebetween, and a foamable heat insulating material filling said area.

4. The construction of claim 1 wherein exterior roof and wall plates are secured to the frame, said roof plate is provided with a ventilator, the roof plate overlying the wall plates, at least one of said exterior plates having corrugations with alternately recessed and protruding portions so as to provide passageways for cirulation of heated air vertically upward along the wall plate, along the bottom of said roof plate and out through said ventilator.

5. The structure of claim 4 wherein the roof plate is corrugated.

6. The combination of claim 4 wherein each of the exterior wall plates is provided with vertically extending corrugations.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,889,763 6/1959 Pine 52-199 3,200,026 8/ 1965 Brown 52-309 2,172,571 9/1939 Theriault 52-86 X 2,471,917 5/1949 Wilson 287--1893'6 X 2,962,323 1/ 1960 McBride.

OTHER REFERENCES 655,507 l/1938 Germany. 1,008,518 10/ 1965 Great Britain.

684,931 12/ 1952 Great Britain.

HENRY C. SUTHERLAND, Primary Examiner `U.s. c1. X.R. 

